[11] In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. [345] All male children in Buddhist families are encouraged to be a novice (beginner for Buddhism) before the age of twenty and to be a monk after the age of twenty. In contrast, the exiled leaders and organisations claim the country is 40% ethnic. ", "Burmese Vote Rejects Army Rule With Big Victory for Opposition,", "1990 Multi-party Democracy General Elections", "Military junta threatens monks in Burma", "100,000 Protestors Flood Streets of Rangoon in "Saffron Revolution, "Aid arrives in Myanmar as death toll passes 22,000, but worst-hit area still cut off –", "Official: UN plane lands in Myanmar with aid after cyclone", "Burma: imperialists exploit natural disaster to promote regime change", "Fighting forces up to 30,000 to flee Myanmar", "More fighting feared as thousands flee Burma", "Refugees Flee to China as Fighting Breaks Out in Myanmar", "Ethnic Rifts Strain Myanmar as It Moves Toward Democracy", "Displaced by fighting, villagers take shelter in Hpakant", "Blood and Gold: Inside Burma's Hidden War", "About 75,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar camps: Refugee International", "Myanmar Shan refugees struggle at Thai border", "Karen fighters and Burma Army soldiers killed over ceasefire breach", "Myanmar: Karen groups cautious on peace initiative", "Concern in India as Al Qaeda announces new India front", "Myanmar Muslim group rejects Al Qaeda statement", "Tens of thousands flee war, airstrikes in Kokang region", Myanmar Kokang Rebels Deny Receiving Chinese Weapons, "The Slow Thaw of Burma's Notorious Military Junta", "A Changing Ethnic Landscape: Analysis of Burma's 2010 Polls", "U.N. Doubts Fairness of Election in Myanmar", "Obstacles lie ahead in Burma's bid for reform", "Budding Friendship on Display as Clinton, Burma's Suu Kyi Meet Again", "Clinton Says U.S. Will Relax Some Restrictions on Myanmar", "US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to visit Burma", "Aung San Suu Kyi hails 'new era' for Burma after landslide victory", "Myanmar's 2015 landmark elections explained,", "Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy Wins Majority in Myanmar", "Suu Kyi's novice MPs learn ropes in outgoing Myanmar parliament", "Myanmar Lawmakers Name Htin Kyaw President, Affirming Civilian Rule", "Myanmar Election Delivers Another Decisive Win for Aung San Suu Kyi,", "Myanmar: Aung San Suu Kyi's party wins majority in election,", "Myanmar election commission rejects military’s fraud claims,", "Explainer: Crisis in Myanmar after army alleges election fraud,", "Military-Backed USDP Leaders Defeated by NLD in Myanmar Election,", "Myanmar Election Body Rejects Military Allegations of Electoral Fraud,", "Myanmar Military Condemns Speaker's Refusal to Probe Election Fraud Claims,", "Myanmar Military Demands Proof November Election Was Fair,", "Myanmar Military Refuses to Rule Out Coup as It Presses Claim of Fraud in Nov Election,", "Military Thrests: Coup Fears Overshadow Myanmar Parliament Opening,", "Myanmar Military Chief Warns Constitution Should Be Revoked If Laws Not Followed,", "UN, embassies fret over Myanmar coup talk,", "Myanmar's Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to Keep State Counselor Position NLD Says,", "Myanmar coup: Aung San Suu Kyi detained as military seizes control,", "Myanmar coup: Week(s) of Feb.1 to Feb. 21, EU action in focus as foreign ministers set to meet; Candlelight vigil held in Yangon; Facebook removes military's 'True News' page,", "Myanmar Military Takes Power for One Year, Suu Kyi in Detention", "Chinese factories set on fire in Myanmar in deadliest day since coup", "Myanmar coup: Teachers join growing protests against military,", "Tens of Thousands Take to Streets in Myanmar to Protest Military Regime,", "Myanmar Military Rolls Out Red Carpet for Russian Defense Minister,", "Vladimir Putin’s defence minister Sergei Shoigu courted in Burma days before coup,", "China will give Myanmar some COVID-19 vaccines, says ministry,", "At UNHRC, Russia and China Still Dismiss Myanmar’s Military Coup as an Internal Affair.htm,", "Myanmar protesters surround Chinese Embassy in Yangon amid anger at military coup,", "Myanmar's terrestrial ecosystems: Status, threats and conservation opportunities", Impact of Climate Change on ASEAN International Affairs: Risk and Opportunity Multiplier, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", "Impact of Climate Change and the Case of Myanmar | Myanmar Climate Change Alliance", "National climate change policy finalised", "Millions to Benefit from Myanmar's New Partnership Framework With the World Bank Group", "The last thing the Myanmar people need is false hope", "Reuters, Cyclone-hit Myanmar says 92 percent back charter", "2010 Burmese Election may be Illegitimate: Clinton", "Western states dismiss Burma's election", "Aung San Suu Kyi has to tread softly – but governments must tell it like it is", "Guardian report on Aung's release from house arrest", "Suu Kyi's NLD democracy party to rejoin Burma politics", "Burma Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003", "U.S. to Renew Myanmar Ties in Light of Reforms", "The EU's relations with Burma / Myanmar", "David Cameron calls for Myanmar sanctions to be suspended", "Burma, India to sign accord on use of India's remote sensing satellite data", "India looks to Burma to slake growing thirst for gas", "Myanmar, India to build IT centres in Myanmar_English_Xinhua", "India to develop two hydel power projects in Myanmar – 56908", "India and Burma: time to choose (Human Rights Watch, 14-1-2008)", "The Barefoot Diplomat: Hillary Clinton Begins Landmark Visit to Burma", "Myanmar's Suu Kyi begins landmark US visit", "Burma's president to make historic US visit", "Obama Vows US Support As Myanmar Leader Visits", "Pheonix Voyages appointed travel manager for Myanmar's first major summit", "Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies? In upper Myanmar, there are rhinoceros, wild water buffalo, clouded leopard, wild boars, deer, antelope, and elephants, which are also tamed or bred in captivity for use as work animals, particularly in the lumber industry. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. [80] SLORC changed the country's official English name from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 18 June 1989 by enacting the adaptation of the expression law. The 1872 and 1881 censuses covered only lower Myanmar. Background information Census enumeration was carried between 30 March and 10 April, 2014 South Africa also voted against the resolution. Facebook: 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. But it does not mean that I require other people to do that as well. [245] In an address to the United Nations Security Council on 22 September 2011, Myanmar's Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin confirmed the government's intention to release prisoners in the near future. [132], International development and aid partners – business, non-governmental, and governmental – hinted at suspension of partnerships with Myanmar. After the fall of Ava, the Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War involved one resistance group under Alaungpaya defeating the Restored Hanthawaddy, and by 1759 he had reunited all of Myanmar and Manipur and driven out the French and the British, who had provided arms to Hanthawaddy. Girls have ear-piercing ceremonies (နားသ) at the same time. [302] They migrated to escape racial discrimination and the wholesale nationalisation of private enterprise that took place in 1964. Most of these estimates have indeed overlooked the demographic changes tha… [PDF] or denotes a file in Adobe’s Portable Document Format.To view the file, you will need the Adobe® Reader® available free from Adobe. Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally. [195], Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. In the mid-to-late 9th century the Bamar people founded a small settlement at Bagan. The Karen, or Kayin, people have a population in the country of close to 3,604,000. [10] The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. [90][91] During 8–12 August, the first days of the conflict, as many as 10,000 Burmese civilians fled to Yunnan in neighbouring China. Burmese armed forces compel troops to acquire labour and supplies from local communities. King Mindon Min tried to modernise the kingdom and in 1875 narrowly avoided annexation by ceding the Karenni States. [296] Overseas Indians are 2%. The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. [148][149] Myanmar is one of the most highly vulnerable countries to climate change; this poses a number of social, political, economic and foreign policy challenges to the country. [272], The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area. These were the first openly contested elections held in Myanmar since the 1990 general election (which was annulled[114]).The results gave the NLD an absolute majority of seats in both chambers of the national parliament, enough to ensure that its candidate would become president, while NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi is constitutionally barred from the presidency.[114][115]. The 2014 Population and Housing Census - the country’s first national census in 30 years – was undertaken by the Ministry of Immigration and Population with technical support from UNFPA between 30th March and 10th April 2014. [249], Following Thein Sein's first ever visit to the UK and a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron, the Myanmar president declared that all of his nation's political prisoners will be released by the end of 2013, in addition to a statement of support for the well-being of the Rohingya Muslim community. [358] Myanmar is the primary subject of a 2007 graphic novel titled Chroniques Birmanes by Québécois author and animator, Guy Delisle. Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight. [284], Flights are available from most countries, though direct flights are limited to mainly Thai and other ASEAN airlines. [334] Historically, Myanmar has had high literacy rates. In 1961, U Thant, the Union of Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and former secretary to the prime minister, was elected Secretary-General of the United Nations, a position he held for ten years. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, helping increase national rice production to 14 million tons in 1987 and to 19 million tons in 1996. The 2013 Southeast Asian Games took place in Naypyidaw, Yangon, Mandalay and Ngwesaung Beach in December representing the third occasion that the event has been staged in Myanmar. President Barack Obama praised the former general for political and economic reforms and the cessation of tensions between Myanmar and the United States. In the north, the Hengduan Mountains form the border with China. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. [338] Myanmar is the world's second largest producer of opium after Afghanistan, producing some 25% of the world's opium, and forms part of the Golden Triangle. [296] The Kayin make up 7% of the population. [52] The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts, which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation. [90][91][92], Civil wars have been a constant feature of Myanmar's socio-political landscape since the attainment of independence in 1948. [330], HIV/AIDS, recognised as a disease of concern by the Burmese Ministry of Health, is most prevalent among sex workers and intravenous drug users. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level. The regions and states as well as all cities and towns of more than 20,000 inhabitants. [279] The most popular available tourist destinations in Myanmar include big cities such as Yangon and Mandalay; religious sites in Mon State, Pindaya, Bago and Hpa-An; nature trails in Inle Lake, Kengtung, Putao, Pyin Oo Lwin; ancient cities such as Bagan and Mrauk-U; as well as beaches in Nabule,[280] Ngapali, Ngwe-Saung, Mergui. 3. [214], Based on the evidence gathered by Amnesty photographs and video of the ongoing armed conflict between the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army (AA), attacks escalated on civilians in Rakhine State. [14], Myanmar is a member of the East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, ASEAN, and BIMSTEC, but it is not a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births is 73 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality is 47. Some are privately owned. [179], In 2008, India suspended military aid to Myanmar over the issue of human rights abuses by the ruling junta, although it has preserved extensive commercial ties, which provide the regime with much-needed revenue. 100,000 school teachers counted the population at midnight 29 March. The current population of Myanmar (formerly Burma) is 54,667,270 as of Wednesday, March 17, 2021, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. The Burmese language incorporates widespread usage of honorifics and is age-oriented. 2nd Ed. [113], General elections were held on 8 November 2015. In 2005, the estimated adult HIV prevalence rate in Myanmar was 1.3% (200,000–570,000 people), according to UNAIDS, and early indicators of any progress against the HIV epidemic are inconsistent. [166], Myanmar's political history is underlined by its struggle to establish democratic structures amidst conflicting factions. They are forced into prostitution, marriages, and or pregnancies. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. It was formerly ruled by Great Britain. Taipei American Chamber of Commerce; Topics Magazine, Analysis, November 2012. Buddhist monks became the vanguards of the independence movement. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in these figures. Myanmar 2020 population is estimated at 54,409,800 people at mid year according to UN data. [172], Sanctions imposed by the United States and European countries against the former military government, coupled with boycotts and other direct pressure on corporations by supporters of the democracy movement, have resulted in the withdrawal from the country of most U.S. and many European companies. At the time of the 1983 census in Burma, as of 31 March 1983, the population was 35,442,972. [45] Evidence of Neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE has been discovered in the form of cave paintings in Padah-Lin Caves. The first nationwide census was taken in 1638, and it was followed by two other nationwide censuses in 1784 and 1803. The renaming remains a contested issue. Under India's Look East policy, fields of co-operation between India and Myanmar include remote sensing,[175] oil and gas exploration,[176] information technology,[177] hydropower[178] and construction of ports and buildings. [331][332][333] However, the National AIDS Programme Myanmar found that 32% of sex workers and 43% of intravenous drug users in Myanmar have HIV.[333]. [78] During this period, Myanmar became one of the world's most impoverished countries. For the first time in numerous decades, the publication of privately owned newspapers commenced in the country.[352]. In 1527, the Confederation of Shan States conquered Ava and ruled Upper Myanmar until 1555. [87] Humanitarian aid was requested, but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies. [220] The military is also notorious for rampant use of sexual violence. 1891 census and subsequence censuses were taken for the whole of the country. They are not to discuss politics with foreigners, under penalty of imprisonment and, in 2001, the Myanmar Tourism Promotion Board issued an order for local officials to protect tourists and limit "unnecessary contact" between foreigners and ordinary Burmese people. On 7 July 1962, the government broke up demonstrations at Rangoon University, killing 15 students. Kyi Soe Tun quoted in the Bangkok Post, 11 August 2006, took control of Burma through a coup d'état, constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, international reactions to the Saffron Revolution, Burmese constitutional referendum of 2008, Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Chairman of the State Administration Council, Vice Chairman of the State Administration Council, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Assistance Association for Political Prisoners, Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, http://www.geohive.com/cntry/myanmar.aspx, "The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census- The Union Report: Religion", "Myanmar Population (2018) – Worldometers", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019", "Obama administration eases Burma sanctions before visit", "European Union Suspends Most Myanmar Sanctions", "The 8 Stages of Genocide Against Burma's Rohingya | UN DispatchUN Dispatch", "EU welcomes "measured" Myanmar response to rioting", "Myanmar military takes control of country after detaining Aung San Suu Kyi", "What's in a name? The geographical area Burma encompasses today can be traced to the Panglong Agreement, which combined Burma Proper, which consisted of Lower Burma and Upper Burma, and the Frontier Areas, which had been administered separately by the British.[74]. Myanmar used to be known as Birmânia in Portuguese, and as Birmanie in French. [264][265], Under the British administration, the people of Burma were at the bottom of the social hierarchy, with Europeans at the top, Indians, Chinese, and Christianized minorities in the middle, and Buddhist Burmese at the bottom. [185] In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Myanmar, have signed a joint letter to the United Nations Human Rights Council defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. [56], Pagan's collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century. [353][354] Myanmar's internet used to be subject to censorship, and authorities viewed e-mails and posts on Internet blogs until 2012 when the government removed media censorship. Conservative estimates state that there are over 295,800 minority refugees from Myanmar, with the majority being Rohingya, Karen, and Karenni are principally located along the Thai-Myanmar border. Burmese citizens account for 80% of all migrant workers in Thailand. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. [40] As in the past, French-language media today consistently use Birmanie. Census Bureau Updates Census Business Builder to Version 3.2 CBB is a suite of services that provide selected demographic and economic data tailored to specific … This indicates some form of communication between groups in Myanmar and other places, possibly through trade. The Freedom in the World 2011 report by Freedom House notes, "The military junta has ... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity." In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The official language is Burmese. They destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a increase in privately funded English language schools in the early 21st century. It was the second-largest empire in Burmese history but also one with a long ill-defined border with British India.[61]. [269], During the Japanese invasion of Burma in World War II, the British followed a scorched earth policy. [307] More than a hundred languages are spoken in total. There are four international schools acknowledged by WASC and College Board—The International School Yangon, Myanmar International School, Yangon International School, and International School of Myanmar in Yangon. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. [266], Crude oil production, an indigenous industry of Yenangyaung, was taken over by the British and put under Burmah Oil monopoly. Myanmar has a relatively young population, the average age was forecasted to be just 29 years old by 2020. [202], There is consensus that the former military regime in Myanmar (1962–2010) was one of the world's most repressive and abusive regimes. In 2007 German professor Bassam Tibi suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws,[237] while non-religious causes have also been raised, such as a lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II—during this time period the British allied themselves with the Rohingya[238] and fought against the puppet government of Burma (composed mostly of Bamar Japanese) that helped to establish the Tatmadaw military organisation that remains in power as of March 2013. Myanmar (Burmese) Official religion none 3 Monetary unit Myanmar kyat (K) Population (2020 est.) The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism. [260], Both China and India have attempted to strengthen ties with the government for economic benefit in the early 2010s. Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C (89.6 °F). [191] Myanmar imports most of its weapons from Russia, Ukraine, China and India. Search US census records for Burma [Excel] or the letters [xls] indicate a document is in the Microsoft® Excel® Spreadsheet Format (XLS). Annual rainfall in the delta region is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 in), while average annual rainfall in the dry zone in central Myanmar is less than 1,000 mm (39.4 in). Leaders and organisations claim the country has close relations with neighbouring India and China with Indian! Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as rubies, sapphires, pearls, reacted! Their sanctions in 2012 environmental areas where Myanmar performs worst ( ie million in Thailand, and.... Buddhist monks and 75,000 nuns in this country of 54 million chieftainships with appointed governorships the! 10 % of the Irrawaddy Division between Bangladesh and Myanmar 's military forces Austroasiatic... 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