It is important to note how Peter initially reacted to the vision. The solution to the problem may be the fact that Paul is speaking to an audience that contains both Jews and Gentiles; therefore, his message is directed at times to one and at times to the other. . A single branch may have dealt with a greater number of issues that were unique to them, but here Paul is trying to clarify matters that were of importance for a wide range of branches. For a discussion of that possibility, see Thomas A. Wayment, From Persecutor to Apostle: A Biography of Paul (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 165–72. Thomas A. Wayment, “Internal Divisions: Ephesians in Historical Context,” Shedding Light on the New Testament: Acts–Revelation, ed. [4] From this decision, the Church faced the difficulty of having two separate sets of counsel and directions for its members. Both Acts and Colossians provide important background information that elucidate the problems that Paul and the early branches of the Church faced. In Greek times, it was the birth place of a … This expanded context for the letter also helps us see what the early branches in western Asia Minor were struggling with and what issues they faced. The city of Ephesus was a large commercial port city in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) located at the mouth of the Cayster River near the Aegean Sea. Surprisingly, Acts does not record that this trend occurred but only that Paul and Barnabas’ mission pointed in that direction. Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. [11] Howard W. Hunter, “Being a Righteous Husband and Father,” Ensign, November 1994, 49. He seems to remind his Jewish Christian audience that the Gentile converts could be accepted into full fellowship when he said, “That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel” (Ephesians 3:6). Members naturally begin to view one set of commandments as higher than the other. Notes [1] Paul’s epistle to Ephesus may have been written during his imprisonment at Caesarea Maritima as described at the end of Acts. And lastly, the style of the writing is as Baptist missionary Wil Pounds describes as “the language of a lyrical prayer” and there is “nothing like this in Paul’s other letters”. In the end, the apostasy may be a witness to the fact that Paul’s exhortations went unheard. Historical, Sociopolitical, Cultural Context of Ephesians The ruins of Ephesus can be found today on the west coast of the country of Turkey. Colossians are found in Ephesians. The letter seems to have been written to the church that he founded in Ephesus, and it seems that he intended for it to circulate around the churches in Western Asia Minor (present day Turkey). Whether Paul’s intended audience in this passage was Jewish Christians or Gentile Christians, or perhaps an integrated mixture of both, is difficult to discern because Paul clearly begins the chapter by addressing the Gentiles in the second person (see Ephesians 3:1) and then shifts to speaking of Gentiles in the third person (see Ephesians 3:6). Instead, he sharply rebuked some Saints telling them that the greatest concern was “spiritual wickedness in high places.” Internal apostasy is a much greater threat to the church than external persecution. among whom we also all once lived in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the … Irenaeus, [Against Heresies, 5.2,3; 1.8,5], circa 180 A.D.(studied under Polycarp, who studied under John) - … (Ephesians 6:10–17). Let’s look at the church of Christ at Ephesus. The temple and streets were lined with immoral goddess prostitutes. Luke records that Peter’s council was very clear and straightforward on that day: “And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. On other occasions, however, Paul vehemently rebuked those whom he felt had gone astray because of personal pride or vanity (see 2 Corinthians 11:4–5, 21–33; Philippians 3:2–6). The direction to not eat things that have been strangled follows the prohibition against eating blood. This summary of the book of Ephesians provides information about the title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of Ephesians. The first verse reads, “Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, to the saints which are at Ephesus, and to the faithful in Jesus Christ” (Ephesians 1:1; emphasis added). The Background and Purpose of Hebrews. 612-614, Brevard S. Childs, The New Testament as Canon: An Introduction, pp. . In other words, God has called priesthood leaders from both of their backgrounds, and they should not disparage those called of God. Paul first comes in contact with Ephesus when leaving Corinth to travel to Jerusalem in 53 AD. To those who were concerned about “principalities and powers in heavenly places,” Paul testifies that God’s wisdom and plan also included the conversion of the Gentiles. Clearly, Paul wanted to drive home the point of his imprisonment as he starts Ephesians 3 with “For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus” and Ephesians 4 with “As a prisoner for the Lord”. Some assumptions about Ephesians itself and the role of this passage in this letter. Sadly, these issues appear again in the epistle to the Colossians, which was probably written near the same time as Ephesians. The letter does not seek to correct errors as does his letters to Corinth or Galatia nor is it a teaching epistle. Typically we take this teaching to indicate that there is one universal church, baptism, and so forth, which is a true doctrine, but Paul may be using this important teaching to settle an internal dispute. Led by a silversmith named Demetrius, an angry crowd rioted and filled the theater in Ephesus that held 24,500 people shouting “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!” (Acts 19:28). Context and Background of Ephesians. Ephesians 4:17-19 So I tell you this, and insist on it in the Lord, that you must no longer live as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their thinking. . They were to the Thessalonians and chiefly centered on Jesus’ return. Thomas A. Wayment is an associate professor of ancient scripture at Brigham Young University. The rebuke also concerned Paul and Barnabas, and a disputation arose among the members of the Church. Today, it is a part of Turkey. After a report was made to the Church leaders in Jerusalem, Peter convened a council to decide the matter; the issue then became very complex. Introduction and overview of Ephesians. . The author of the Book of Ephesus was the Apostle Paul. Retrieved from http://www.christianinconnect.com/ephesians.htm, Deffinbaugh, R. (2004). . That is why gospel truths have been corrupted and gospel ordinances have been lost when left to the interpretation and sponsorship of scholars who lack the authority and reject the revelations of God.[10]. It is possible but improbable that he wrote the letter prior to traveling there and living with them because Paul was in prison when he wrote the epistle, and most of his known imprisonments occurred later in his life (see Ephesians 6:20). Ephesians, and to a lesser extent Colossians, documents some of the concerns and issues associated with that decision. The Ephesians, however, refused his offer, claiming it was not seemly for one god to build a temple to another. Elder Oaks carefully describes this process, which is equally dangerous in our day: I have seen some persons attempt to understand or undertake to criticize the gospel or the Church by the method of reason alone, unaccompanied by the use or recognition of revelation. His limited denunciation may reveal a softened character, but it may also indicate that he believed that the issue was not as substantial as previous encounters with apostate beliefs and practices. (n.d.). There are several ways to resolve this issue to make it possible that Paul spent two years with the Ephesian Saints and also wrote an epistle where he implies that they did not know him. Certainly he was worried about the issue of internal disharmony, particularly the idea that one faction within the Church believed itself to be more powerful than another faction because the latter faction lived a lower portion of the law. Luke records in Acts that Paul spent two years in Ephesus (see Acts 19:10), but Paul says in the opening lines, “Wherefore I also, after I heard of your faith in the Lord Jesus” (Ephesians 1:15), which implies that he did not know the Saints of that city well. To remedy this problem, the Lord showed Peter a vision in which he was told to eat of animals that were unclean according to the law of Moses. Contrary to what is probably the majority opinion in current New Testament scholarship, I think the Ephesian letter is by Paul. They complained, “Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved” (Acts 15:1). One cannot find God or understand his doctrines and ordinances by closing the door on the means He has prescribed for receiving the truths of his gospel. Grant Building But now the Lord wanted him to realize that he had also extended his grace to those outside the covenant, and he chose to teach this lesson to Peter using the physical imagery of clean and unclean animals. He goes on to testify that Christ is superior to any other celestial or terrestrial forces: “Far above all principality, and power, and might, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come” (v. 21). It is interesting to note and observe that while the New Testament often refers to the church, it does not speak of going … Paul Y. Hoskisson (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1994), 96–109. No church can successfully endorse two different sets of commandments for its members. While on that early mission, two important events occurred that helped Paul’s later missions be much more successful. Carver described the Book of Ephesians as “the greatest piece of writing in all history” and English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge called it “the divinest composition of man”. Date – The letter to the Ephesians was written during Paul’s Roman imprisonment between 60 and 62 AD. Those who complained that Gentiles must be circumcised seem to have feared that the Gentiles’ belief would lead to conversion, which in turn would lead to uncircumcised Gentiles becoming members. Joseph Fielding Smith (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1976), 149. He further warned them against “philosophy” and the pressure to observe special diets (see Colossians 2:8, 16). He sailed to Macedonia and then traveled to … The teacher and the student taking a final walk through the figurative church; to divine in Ephesians 1 through 3, God’s plan for His church, prayers for His believers, and salvation for Jews and Gentiles alike. This may reflect James’s local authority in Jerusalem, where the problem was being discussed. To begin with, the epistle to the Ephesians may be improperly titled, which creates a difficulty in its opening verses. Paul testified that Christ was superior, which suggests that some might have shifted their focus from present concerns to understanding whether or not Christ was superior to all beings in the heavenly realm. What stands out about Ephesians is the awe with which it contemplates the mystery of the Church. [3] After Peter had spoken, James added, “Men and brethren, hearken unto me. Retrieved from https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/paul/timeline.cfm, Watson, J.D. . American Baptist theologian, W. O. According to excevations,the history of Ephesus dates back to 6000 BC, to Chalcolithic Period. Historical Background of Ephesians Ephesus was the capital of the Roman province of Asia. There are no more lessons to be taught and now is the time for the student to reflect on the overarching purpose of the teaching; becoming a church created in Jesus Christ and in the glory of God. i-xxiii, Harold W. Hoehner, “Ephesians,” in BKC, pp. Introduces perspectives on the author, audience, date and purpose of the book of Hebrews that can help us interpret the original meaning and apply this book to our modern world. It is also possible that we have misunderstood some of his words and have overemphasized those passages where he did not seem to know them. On his return from Jerusalem, Paul travels to Ephesus and establishes there his longest ministry in any one location. [6] Bruce R. McConkie, Doctrinal New Testament Commentary (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1973), 2:494. Paul probably wrote his letter to the Ephesians while under house arrest in Rome . He needed firsthand experience with Gentiles to see that they could and would believe in Jesus Christ. Whether intentionally or not, the Jerusalem Council introduced a practice into the Church that would have far-reaching ramifications for early Christian converts. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. Acts 19:8–10 goes on to state that Paul spent three months in the synagogue “arguing persuasively about the kingdom of God”, but after being maligned by the Jews of the synagogue then spent two years having “discussions daily in the lecture hall of Tyrannus” with both Jews and Gentiles. In a later epistle, Paul lamented that “all they which are in Asia be turned away from me” (2 Timothy 1:15). [8] Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses (London: Latter-day Saints’ Book Depot, 1854–86), 12:69. Whether speaking to the Jewish Saints or Gentile Saints, Paul may be telling each of them that God has called some (Jewish) apostles and some (Gentile) prophets or vice versa. Prior to writing his Epistle to the Ephesians in 60–61 AD, Paul had an established ministry in Ephesus. Paul was never to return to Ephesus. Ephesians towers over Paul’s thirteen known epistles in its exaltation of the glory of God and His grace toward the church. The genre of Ephesians 2:1-10 is an Epistle. [9] For a summary of scholarship on this issue, see Best, Ephesians, 174–80. Key Themes. pastors and teachers,” this epistle might pass by completely unnoticed (Ephesians 6:11; 4:11). 311-328. The remainder of the epistle to the Ephesians focuses on other issues that create internal divisions within the Church. It had a harbor that at that time opened into the Cayster River (see map, p. 2429), which in turn emptied into the Aegean Sea (see map, p. 2599). Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will . It is located at the intersection of several trade routes and a vital commercial center of the Roman Empire. major distinction between is that Ephesians the emphasis is on the church as the body of Christ, and in Colossians the emphasis is on the Christ as the head of the body. We have a teacher in Paul facing his earthly demise passing on potentially final thoughts to his most prized student in the church of Ephesus. Ephesians September 2, 2011 Some people used Ephesians 6:5-9 alongside Greek, Roman, and Arab discussions of slavery to support the kind of slavery practiced in the Americas, but a simple knowledge of the nature… As a result of this decision, some of the late New Testament epistles began to address serious internal conflict and disharmony. New Testament scholar N.T. Another epistle written near the same time—Colossians—is also helpful in describing the situation. In fact, as Peter learned this lesson, those that were with him were astonished that the Lord would extend his hand to the Gentiles (see Acts 10:45). [5] Originally, this letter was likely a circular writing to all of the branches of the Church near Ephesus, many of which probably did not know Paul, and later the most famous city of the region—Ephesus—lent its name to the epistle. Its authorship has traditionally been attributed to Paul the Apostle but starting in 1792, this has been challenged as Deutero-Pauline, that is, written in Paul's name by a later author strongly influenced by Paul's thought, probably "by a loyal disciple to sum up Paul’s teaching and to apply it to a new situation fifteen to twenty-five years after the Apostle’s death". Ephesians : Introduction & Background. What about applying time-lapse to history? Retrieved from http://www.thescripturealone.com/EphIntro.htm. Today Mike gives a deep dive into the background and meaning of Ephesians 6:10-20. This small detail clarifies why the vision was necessary. Put on the full armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devil’s schemes. By exploring who the audience and the author of the book were, as well as delving into the characteristics of the book, the full depth of the Book of Ephesians is revealed. The Book of Ephesians is about the letters of Paul and how he overcame hardship by being faithful to God and following His commands. The Lord had prepared a man named Cornelius, “A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house” (Acts 10:2). Lysimachus, one of the generals of Alexander who became ruler of the region after Alexander's death, bega… Some commentators have suggested that the phraseology here is reminiscent of the later Gnostic heresy, when marginalized Christians began thinking more on the structure of the heavenly realm than on the necessity to live righteously in the present age. Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place, and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace. Introduction to Ephesians. First, when Paul says, “There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; One Lord, one faith, one baptism, One God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all” (Ephesians 4:4–6), he may be speaking to members of the Church who struggled with seeing Gentiles and Jews as one. The city of Ephesus was a large commercial port city … In the case of the Jerusalem conference, one opinion was clearly expressed while the other was most likely assumed. In Colossians, Paul dealt with concerns over the Father’s image and the Son’s relationship to the Father in creation (see Colossians 1:15–18). Even if these ideas arose from positive circumstances, it is difficult to maintain humility when one believes that he or she is predestined for salvation. Additionally, Paul wrote the Book of Ephesians while imprisoned in Rome and unsure of what fate awaited him. (2004). Understanding this divided background in the epistle helps makes sense of some of its more important teachings. Ephesians Historical Background Apostle Paul Use Of The Armor Of God. They disobey God’s law and are ruled by … That it was written by Paul is confirmed by the testimonies of early church. It does not always need to be commandments; it can be special privileges, higher pay, greater access to resources, or greater recognition. Ephesus remained under Persian rule until liberated by Alexander the Great in 334 BCE. . . [2] Marion D. Hanks, “Trust in the Lord,” Ensign, May 1975, 12. He was lecturing on the desert, and at one point he referred to the horse as the “Rolls Royce of the desert.” This was my chance. Excavations at the Ayasuluk Hill brought to light a settlement, thus ancient Ephesus was first on the located on Ayasuluk Hill. The revelation did not come through Paul but through the leading Apostle. [12] See Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Eric D. Huntsman, and Thomas A. Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 236–49. But the Lord gave Peter the inspiration and revelation to make Paul’s work possible. In the first four chapters Paul addressed the belief that some had a more prestigious heritage and greater knowledge. See Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 3:17; and Deuteronomy 12:23. B. Paul identifies himself as a prisoner at the time of his writing Ephesians (3:1; 4:1; 6:20) C. It is possible that Paul could have written the letter when he was imprisoned at Caesarea 9 (Acts 24:27, AD 57-59), or … According to Luke, some men from Judea, who likely heard of the conversion of the Gentiles from contacts in Antioch, came to reprimand Paul and his missionary companions. Echoes of Worship The mood of Ephesians is arresting. President Howard W. Hunter expressed a similar sentiment in the modern era: “The priesthood cannot work out its destiny, nor can God’s purposes be fulfilled, without our helpmates.”[11]. Introduction from the NIV Study Bible | Go to Ephesians Author, Date, and Place of Writing. 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